👉 Light, composed of photons, interacts with matter through various processes involving both light particles (photons) and light as a wave. When photons encounter atoms or molecules, they can be absorbed, causing electrons to jump from lower energy levels to higher ones, or they can be reflected, transmitted, or scattered. Absorption is fundamental to phenomena like photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. Reflection occurs when photons bounce off surfaces, explaining why mirrors work. Scattering happens when light changes direction upon hitting particles in the medium, such as the blue color of the sky due to Rayleigh scattering. These interactions are governed by the principles of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, illustrating how light's dual nature—both particle-like and wave-like—enables a wide range of physical phenomena, from the propagation of light through space to its role in chemical reactions and biological processes.
