👉 Indonesia's "fumes" refer to the significant environmental and health issues stemming from widespread deforestation, particularly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, two of the country's largest islands. Driven by the expansion of palm oil plantations, logging, and mining activities, these practices have led to massive forest loss, contributing to severe air pollution as trees burn and release toxic smoke. This haze not only affects Indonesia but also spreads across neighboring countries like Malaysia and Singapore, causing respiratory problems, reduced visibility, and economic disruptions. The environmental degradation exacerbates biodiversity loss and threatens indigenous communities, making it a complex issue requiring international cooperation and sustainable practices to mitigate.
