👉 Hand computing refers to the use of handheld devices, such as calculators, digital watches, and early personal computers like the Apple I and Commodore 64, to perform mathematical calculations, data processing, and other computational tasks. These devices typically feature small keyboards, screens, and memory storage, enabling users to input data, execute operations, and view results directly on the device. Hand computing has been pivotal in democratizing access to computational power, allowing individuals to perform complex calculations and data analysis without needing a desktop computer. It laid the groundwork for modern mobile computing, emphasizing portability, ease of use, and immediate results, which are now integral to today's smartphones and tablets.