👉 Greek mathematics, particularly the work of Euclid and Archimedes, laid foundational principles in geometry, number theory, and algebra. Euclid's "Elements," a seminal text, systematically organized geometric knowledge using axioms and logical proofs, establishing the basis for deductive reasoning in mathematics. Archimedes advanced mathematical understanding through innovations like the method of exhaustion (a precursor to integration), calculating pi with remarkable precision, and exploring principles of buoyancy and levers. Greek mathematicians also excelled in number theory, with Euclid proving the infinitude of primes and Eudoxus developing the method of exhaustion for area and volume calculations. Their focus on abstraction, proof, and universal truths shaped Western mathematical thought, influencing later developments in algebra, calculus, and beyond, even though much of their work was preserved through Arabic translations and reintroduced to Europe during the Renaissance.