👉 Infection is governed by a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and immunological factors. At its core, infection occurs when a pathogen—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites—enters a host and begins to multiply, often overwhelming the body's natural defenses. The immune system responds by activating innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms to recognize and neutralize the invader. Key players include white blood cells, antibodies, and cytokines, which work together to eliminate the pathogen. However, factors like host susceptibility, pathogen virulence, and environmental conditions (such as temperature and humidity) can influence the outcome, potentially leading to infection if the immune response is insufficient or overwhelmed. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and treat infections, including vaccines, antibiotics, and antiviral therapies.
