👉 Gibson Math, also known as Gibbs' Phase Rule, is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics that describes the relationship between the number of degrees of freedom (F), components (C), and phases (P) in a system. It is mathematically expressed as F = C - P + 2, where degrees of freedom represent the number of variables that can be changed independently without altering the number of phases present. For instance, in a single-component liquid system (C = 1) at equilibrium with two phases (liquid and vapor, P = 2), the rule simplifies to F = 1 - 2 + 2 = 1, indicating one degree of freedom is available, such as temperature. This rule is crucial for understanding and predicting phase behavior in various physical and chemical systems, from simple mixtures to complex materials.
