👉 Foundations engineering is a specialized branch of civil engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of structures that transfer loads from buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure to the ground or soil. It involves understanding soil mechanics, geotechnical properties, and structural interactions to ensure stability, safety, and longevity of engineered structures. Foundations can be categorized into shallow foundations, like spread footings and slab foundations, which rest on the upper layers of soil, and deep foundations, such as piles and caissons, that extend to more stable strata or bedrock. Foundations engineering also addresses issues like settlement control, soil improvement techniques, and the impact of environmental factors, ensuring that structures remain secure and functional over their intended lifespan.
