👉 Infection is a biological process where a pathogen, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite, invades and takes control of a host organism, disrupting its normal functions. This invasion can lead to various outcomes, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness or even death. The infection process typically begins when the pathogen enters the body through various routes, such as ingestion, inhalation, or direct contact. Once inside, the pathogen must evade or overcome the host's immune defenses to establish itself. For example, bacteria might produce toxins or form biofilms, while viruses can hijack cellular machinery to replicate. The interaction between the pathogen and the host can result in inflammation, tissue damage, or systemic effects, depending on the pathogen and the host's response. Understanding infection is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures, such as antibiotics, antivirals, vaccines, and hygiene practices.
