👉 Excess math refers to the use of more mathematical concepts or techniques than strictly necessary to solve a problem or prove a theorem, often seen in advanced mathematics. For example, in calculus, while the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is a powerful tool, sometimes problems can be solved using only basic algebra or even elementary functions. Similarly, in number theory, while modular arithmetic and advanced number fields are crucial, simpler methods like the Euclidean algorithm can often suffice for basic problems. This excess math highlights the depth and richness of mathematical theories, but it can also make proofs and explanations more complex and less accessible to those without a strong mathematical background.