👉 Enclosed-infection, also known as encapsulated bacterial infection, refers to an infection caused by bacteria that possess a polysaccharide capsule surrounding their cell walls. This capsule acts as a protective layer, making it difficult for the host's immune system to recognize and destroy the bacteria through phagocytosis. As a result, these infections often evade immune responses more effectively than those caused by non-enclosed (or non-capsulated) bacteria. Common examples include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Enclosed-infections can be particularly challenging to treat because the capsule can also interfere with antibiotic efficacy, sometimes leading to persistent or recurrent infections. Understanding the unique characteristics of enclosed-infections is crucial for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
