👉 Crown engineering is a specialized field within materials science and engineering that focuses on the design, synthesis, and manipulation of the surface structure and composition of materials to enhance their properties. This discipline involves tailoring the topmost layer of a material, known as the "crown," to achieve specific functionalities such as improved mechanical strength, enhanced corrosion resistance, or optimized electrical conductivity. Techniques in crown engineering include atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and ion implantation, among others, allowing for precise control over the material's surface at the nanoscale. By manipulating the crown, engineers can significantly influence the overall performance of materials used in various applications, from aerospace and electronics to biomedical devices and energy storage systems.