👉 Crop math is a statistical method used to estimate the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable while controlling for other factors that might influence the outcome. It involves adjusting the sample size of each group in a study to account for differences in variability or other covariates, ensuring that the estimated effect of the independent variable is not biased by these confounding factors. By "cropping" or adjusting the data, researchers can more accurately isolate the impact of the variable they are interested in, leading to more reliable and valid conclusions. This technique is particularly useful in observational studies where randomization is not feasible, allowing for more robust causal inferences.