👉 The Costa fluid, named after the Italian anatomist and physiologist Giovanni Costa, refers to a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found within the human body, particularly in the context of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a complex mixture of mucus, electrolytes, proteins, and water that forms a protective layer over the epithelial cells lining the digestive system. This fluid's unique property is its shear-thinning behavior, meaning it becomes less viscous and more fluid when subjected to increased shear forces, such as those experienced during peristalsis. This characteristic allows the fluid to flow easily and effectively lubricate the intestinal walls, facilitating smooth movement of food through the digestive system while also providing a barrier against pathogens and mechanical damage.
