👉 In this explanation, I'll highlight key mathematical contributions that have significantly shaped various fields. The development of calculus by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz stands out, providing tools to analyze change and motion, crucial for physics, engineering, and economics. Linear algebra, pioneered by mathematicians like Hermann Grassmann and Arthur Cayley, revolutionized data science, machine learning, and computer graphics by enabling efficient manipulation of high-dimensional vector spaces. Probability theory, formalized by mathematicians such as Pierre-Simon Laplace and Andrey Kolmogorov, underpins statistics, artificial intelligence, and risk assessment. Additionally, number theory, with contributions from mathematicians like Euclid and Andrew Wiles (proving Fermat's Last Theorem), has profound implications in cryptography and computer security. These contributions collectively form the backbone of modern scientific and technological advancements.
