👉 Infections are complex biological events where pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, invade a host and cause disease. The process of infection involves several stages: entry, colonization, proliferation, invasion, and immune response. Contests during infection refer to the dynamic interactions between the invading pathogen and the host's immune system. Pathogens employ various strategies to evade or suppress immune defenses, such as hiding within host cells, producing toxins, or altering their surface proteins to avoid detection. Conversely, the immune system mounts a defense through innate and adaptive responses, including the production of antibodies, activation of immune cells like macrophages and T-cells, and the formation of memory cells to provide long-term protection. These ongoing battles determine the outcome of the infection: whether it resolves successfully or leads to chronic disease, severe complications, or even death. Understanding these contests is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures against infectious diseases.
