👉 Infection, at its core, refers to the process by which pathogens—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites—enter and establish themselves within a host organism, leading to disease. The consensus understanding emphasizes that infection involves a complex interplay between the invading pathogen and the host's immune system. Initially, pathogens must breach physical barriers like the skin or mucous membranes. Once inside, they can multiply and cause damage by disrupting normal cellular functions, triggering inflammatory responses, and evading or suppressing the host's defenses. Effective infection often depends on the pathogen's ability to adapt and thrive in the host environment, while the host's immune system works to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate the threat. The consensus highlights that successful infection can lead to various outcomes, from mild symptoms to severe illness or chronic conditions, depending on factors like the pathogen's virulence, the host's immune status, and environmental conditions.
