👉 Computer I/O, or Input/Output, refers to the methods and devices used to transfer data between a computer system and external devices or users. It encompasses all the interactions that allow data to flow in both directions—input, where data enters the system (e.g., through keyboards, mice, touchscreens), and output, where processed data is sent out (e.g., via monitors, printers, speakers). I/O devices can range from simple peripherals like keyboards and mice to complex systems like network interfaces and storage devices. Efficient I/O management is crucial for system performance, as it directly impacts how quickly and effectively a computer can process and respond to user commands and data.
