👉 Compilation engineering is the process of transforming source code written in a high-level programming language into executable machine code that can be directly run by a computer's processor. This involves several stages, starting with lexical analysis, where the source code is broken down into tokens; followed by syntax analysis, which checks if the sequence of tokens follows the language's grammar rules; and then semantic analysis, where the compiler ensures that the code makes logical sense. The next phase, optimization, refines the intermediate code to improve performance and efficiency without changing its functionality. Finally, code generation translates the optimized intermediate representation into machine-specific instructions, ready for execution. Compilers also produce various output files, such as object code and debugging information, which are crucial for linking and executing the compiled program.
