👉 The circular I/O (Circular Input/Output) is a method of handling input and output operations that mimics the circular nature of data storage, such as a ring buffer or a circular queue. In this model, data is stored in a fixed-size array where the last element points back to the first element, creating a loop. When reading from or writing to this array, operations wrap around once the end of the array is reached, allowing for efficient and continuous data flow without the need for explicit boundary checks. This approach is particularly useful in systems requiring high throughput, such as network protocols, real-time systems, and embedded applications, where minimizing overhead and maximizing data transfer efficiency are crucial.
