👉 Characteristics engineering, also known as design of materials or process optimization, is a systematic approach used in engineering to tailor the properties of materials and systems to meet specific performance requirements. It involves understanding the relationship between a material's microstructure, processing conditions, and resulting macroscopic properties, such as strength, ductility, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Engineers use this knowledge to manipulate variables like composition, temperature, pressure, and cooling rates during manufacturing or processing to achieve desired characteristics. This can include techniques like heat treatment, alloying, grain refinement, and additive manufacturing to optimize performance for applications in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and more. By effectively engineering these characteristics, industries can enhance product reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
