👉 Calculators, especially scientific ones, use a combination of mathematical operations and algorithms to perform complex calculations. They typically start with basic arithmetic like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, then apply more sophisticated functions such as exponentiation, square roots, and logarithms. For scientific calculations, they often incorporate trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent), hyperbolic functions (sinh, cosh, tanh), and exponential and logarithmic functions (e^x, log_a(x)). These operations are usually carried out using algorithms optimized for efficiency and accuracy, often involving floating-point arithmetic to handle a wide range of numbers. Advanced calculators might also include features like matrix operations, complex number arithmetic, and statistical functions, all of which rely on underlying mathematical theories to ensure precise results.
