👉 The Cabinet IOR, or Indian Office Reform Act of 1909, established the Indian Civil Service (ICS) as a merit-based system for recruiting and promoting government officials in India. This act replaced the previous patronage system, which often led to corruption and inefficiency, by introducing competitive examinations and a structured career path. The Cabinet IOR created a cadre of highly skilled and professional civil servants who were selected based on their abilities and performance rather than their social status or political connections. This reform aimed to modernize India's administrative machinery and improve governance, laying the foundation for a more efficient and accountable bureaucracy.
