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Bowella aeruginosa, commonly known as Bow bacteria, is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium that can cause infections in humans and animals. It is particularly notorious for its ability to form biofilms, which are communities of bacteria encased in a protective matrix, making them highly resistant to antibiotics and the immune system. Found in various environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, Bowella aeruginosa can lead to serious infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. Its pathogenicity is enhanced by its production of virulence factors like pyocyanin, elastase, and exotoxin A, which damage host tissues and evade immune responses.
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