👉 Bottom engineering refers to the foundational aspects of system design and architecture that form the base upon which higher-level components are built. It involves defining the fundamental principles, constraints, and requirements that guide the creation of the system's core functionalities and infrastructure. This includes selecting appropriate technologies, designing data models, establishing communication protocols, and setting up scalability and security measures. Bottom engineering is crucial as it sets the stage for all subsequent layers, ensuring that the system is robust, maintainable, and meets its intended objectives from the ground up.