👉 Infections are caused by the invasion and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites within the body. These microorganisms can enter through various routes, including cuts, mucous membranes, or via respiratory droplets. Once inside, pathogens trigger an immune response, leading to inflammation—a hallmark of infection. Inflammation involves the swelling, redness, heat, and pain associated with infected areas, as the body attempts to isolate and eliminate the invaders. However, if the infection persists or spreads, it can lead to tissue damage and systemic complications. Bones are particularly vulnerable to infections, especially when they become osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone itself. This condition can result from direct inoculation of pathogens, such as during fractures or surgical procedures, or through hematogenous spread from distant sites. Symptoms of bone infections include localized pain, swelling, fever, and sometimes systemic signs like chills and fatigue, necessitating prompt medical intervention to prevent severe complications.
