👉 The "ior" bands, or ion channels, are specialized proteins embedded in the cell membrane that regulate the flow of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride across the membrane. These channels play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Ions move through these channels either passively via diffusion or actively via energy-dependent mechanisms, controlled by voltage changes or ligand binding. Different types of ion channels exist, each with unique properties and functions, allowing for precise control over cellular activities and communication.