👉 Infections occur when pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, enter and multiply within a host's body, disrupting normal cellular functions and causing illness. These microorganisms can invade through various routes, including respiratory droplets, contaminated food or water, direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces, or vectors like mosquitoes. Once inside, pathogens can cause damage by producing toxins, overwhelming the immune system, or outcompeting beneficial microorganisms. The body's immune response, involving white blood cells and antibodies, attempts to neutralize and eliminate the invaders, but if the infection is severe or the host's defenses are compromised, it can lead to symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of infection is crucial for developing prevention strategies, such as vaccinations, hygiene practices, and antimicrobial treatments.
