👉 Apnoeic biology refers to the physiological processes and mechanisms that occur during apnoeas, which are episodes of apnea—pauses in breathing that can last from a few seconds to minutes. These events are characterized by a temporary cessation of airflow despite continued respiratory effort. During an apnoea, the brain temporarily ceases to send signals to the muscles responsible for breathing, leading to a drop in blood oxygen levels and carbon dioxide retention. This is often triggered by disruptions in the central or peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes, which normally detect changes in blood gases and initiate breathing. Apnoeic biology involves complex interactions between neural, muscular, and respiratory control systems, including the medulla oblongata, pons, and brainstem, as well as peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions like obstructive sleep apnea, where repeated apnoeas can lead to significant health issues such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
