👉 Anxiety is rooted in complex biological mechanisms involving the brain, nervous system, and hormonal responses. The amygdala, a key structure in the brain's limbic system, plays a central role by detecting threats and triggering the fight-or-flight response through the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones prepare the body for immediate action but can also heighten anxiety when perceived threats are real or imagined. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis further amplifies this response by releasing cortisol, which sustains the body's stress reaction over time. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA regulate mood and anxiety levels; imbalances in these chemicals can contribute to heightened anxiety. Genetic factors also influence an individual's predisposition to anxiety disorders, affecting how the brain processes stress and fear. Together, these biological processes create a dynamic system that can lead to chronic anxiety if not properly regulated.
