👉 The Andean mathematics, also known as Andean number theory or quipu-based arithmetic, is a unique numerical system developed by the Inca civilization in the Andes region of South America. Unlike traditional positional number systems, Andean mathematics primarily uses knotted strings or quipus (color-coded cords) to represent numbers and perform arithmetic operations. Each knot type, color, and position on the string corresponds to a specific numerical value or operation, such as addition or multiplication. While it lacks a base-10 structure and positional notation, Andean mathematics is capable of representing large numbers and complex calculations through a combination of string lengths, colors, and knot configurations. This system was deeply integrated into Inca society, used for record-keeping, taxation, and possibly even astronomical calculations, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding of numerical representation without the formal algebraic structures seen in modern mathematics.
