👉 Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins, which are essential for nearly all biological functions. In biochemistry, amino acids are categorized into two types: non-essential (or conditionally essential) and essential. Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the human body, while essential amino acids must be obtained through diet. These 20 standard amino acids serve as monomers that link together via peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which fold into specific three-dimensional structures to perform a wide range of functions, from enzymatic catalysis and structural support to signaling and immune responses. Understanding the biology of amino acids is crucial for comprehending protein synthesis, metabolism, and the molecular basis of diseases related to protein dysfunction.
