👉 Adult biology encompasses the complex physiological processes that sustain human life beyond childhood, characterized by a balance of growth, maintenance, and adaptation. In adults, the body continues to grow and repair tissues through cellular regeneration, though at a slower rate compared to childhood. Hormonal regulation plays a crucial role, with the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis managing stress responses, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis controlling reproductive functions. The immune system matures but becomes less efficient over time, increasing susceptibility to infections. Metabolism stabilizes, with adults typically maintaining a basal metabolic rate that supports basic bodily functions. Reproductive systems in males and females undergo significant changes post-puberty, such as the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the onset of menopause or andropause. Additionally, adult brains exhibit neuroplasticity, allowing for learning and adaptation throughout life, though cognitive decline may occur with age. Overall, adult biology involves a dynamic interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors to ensure survival and well-being.