👉 Underpinnings, also known as foundational elements or principles, are essential in understanding and interpreting a complex system. They provide the foundation from which all other aspects of the system are built upon. These underpinnings include:
1.
Physical Structure
: The physical components that make up the system such as materials, machinery, equipment, and structures.
2.
Mechanical Properties
: The properties of materials like strength, durability, and flexibility that govern how they function within a given system.