👉 In the context of politics and history, "tsarism" refers to a period of Russian political and cultural dominance from 1721 to 1917. This era saw the rise of Tsar Nicholas II as the last legitimate ruler of Russia, with his policies favoring liberal reforms and increasing the power of the monarchy over the state. However, this regime was eventually overthrown by the Bolsheviks in 1917, leading to the Russian Revolution. The term