👉 Throwoff in the context of mathematics, particularly in algebraic topology, refers to a special case of a 4-manifold that is not homotopically non-trivial. It is defined as follows: 1. A closed 3-manifold M is called "throwoff" if there exists an embedding of it into the 4-sphere S^4 such that the boundary of the complement of all points in the interior of M becomes a 2-sphere. 2. If M

throwoff