👉 A smart fluid, also known as an electrorheological (ER) fluid or magnetorheological (MR) fluid, is a non-Newtonian fluid whose viscosity can be rapidly and reversibly changed in response to an applied magnetic field or electric field. When no external force is applied, the fluid behaves like a liquid, but when a magnetic or electric field is introduced, it quickly transitions into a highly viscous solid-like state, allowing for precise control over its mechanical properties. This unique characteristic makes smart fluids invaluable in applications such as adaptive suspensions in vehicles, shock absorbers, and robotic joints, where dynamic control over stiffness and damping is essential.
