👉 In mathematics, a non-substitutionary relation is a binary relation on a set that does not have any elements in common with its inverse. In other words, if you have a relation R on a set A and another relation S on A such that R ∩ S = φ (where φ is the empty set), then R cannot be expressed as the inverse of S. For example, consider the following binary relations on the set {1, 2, 3}: - R: