👉 Myelinogenesis is a process of the formation of a protective layer around nerve cells, called myelin, in the brain and spinal cord. Myelination helps to regulate nerve activity by protecting neurons from damage or injury. The process begins with the formation of new axons (new nerve cell branches) through axonal growth, then the axon grows into an axoneme (a small, cylindrical structure that forms on the end of each axon). This axoneme then connects to a