👉 Lithology is a scientific term used in geology to describe the type of rock and sedimentary rocks that are formed from different types of weathering processes. It includes sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous, and volcanic rock. In geology, lithology refers to the physical properties of the rock, such as its composition (such as minerals), texture, color, grain size, and other characteristics. These properties can vary widely depending on the type of rock or sediment that was formed,