👉 In medicine, a protonephros is a type of kidney. The word "protonephros" comes from Greek and means "progenitous," which implies that it originates from an egg or fertilized egg. Protonephros are also known as ovary-like structures within the kidneys. They are primarily involved in the production of hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism and sexual function.