👉 In mathematics, a pre-exclusion set is a subset of a given set that excludes at least one element from its membership. In other words, it ensures that no element in the original set can be included in the pre-exclusion set. This property allows for efficient computation and optimization in various applications where elements are to be excluded. For example, consider a binary tree with 10 nodes (n=10). If we want to exclude all nodes except those with value 2, the
