👉 Penetrations are openings or gaps in a material, structure, or object. They can be physical or chemical, and they can occur at different points on an object, such as through cracks, crevices, or holes. In terms of architecture, penetrations can refer to the spaces between two layers of materials, which can allow for air flow or provide insulation. In industrial applications, penetrations are often used in pipes, pipelines, and other structural elements that need to be protected from