👉 In computer science, a "penalizable" function is one that can be evaluated to determine whether it is positive or negative. It's important because it helps in identifying functions that are inherently non-convex and may not have a global minimum or maximum value. This approach is used in various optimization algorithms such as gradient-based methods like Newton-Raphson, Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method, etc.
