👉 Pathology fluid, also known as ascites or pleural fluid, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities such as the peritoneal cavity (around abdominal organs) or pleural cavity (between the lungs and chest wall). Its pathology can result from various conditions, including liver cirrhosis due to portal hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, or malignancy. In cirrhotic patients, the fluid primarily arises from increased capillary permeability and reduced lymphatic drainage in the liver, leading to a high protein concentration. In contrast, heart failure causes fluid accumulation due to impaired cardiac function and increased venous pressure. Pleural fluid can be serous (clear), ascitic (containing proteins), or pyogenic (infectious). Pathologists analyze these fluids to determine the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.
