👉 Overdispersion is a measure of how much variability in a dataset is explained by the underlying distribution rather than by an underlying model. It is a statistical concept that describes how many standard deviations away from the mean a value is expected to be, relative to its actual value. In other words, it measures how much variability there is in the data points compared to the theoretical range of values that would occur under a normal distribution. In statistics, overdispersion occurs when there is too much dispersion or variation