👉 The term "outgiven" in philosophy, particularly in the context of descriptive linguistics and syntax, refers to a word or phrase that is not directly related to another word or phrase. For example:
The sentence "John likes apples" does not have an antecedent (a preposition that marks the beginning of a clause) for the verb "like," so it is outgiven.
In a sentence like "She was very tired and wanted to sleep," "was" is out