👉 Obtests, also known as "obtuse tests" or "obtuse ratios," are statistical measures used to assess whether a sample has an unusually high or low frequency of observations. These measures are typically calculated by dividing the number of observations in a dataset into two categories - extreme values (the most frequent and rare observations) and non-exceptional values (the other extreme). The goal is to identify outliers that are more likely to be due to sampling errors than random fluctuations.