👉 In mathematics, a non-congruence relation is a binary relation on a set S that does not satisfy any of the properties required for the definition of congruence. These properties include reflexivity (S ⊆ S), symmetry (S ∩ S = S), and transitivity (S ∪ S ⊆ S). In contrast, congruences are defined by being reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
