👉 Isospin refers to a quantum number that describes the angular momentum of an electron. In the context of particle physics, it was first introduced by physicist Pauli in 1928. The two isospin quantum numbers (J and L) are used to describe different spin states for electrons. In a nucleus, the electron spin is determined by its spin quantum number J, which can be +1/2 or -1/2 depending on the nuclear charge n. The electron spins
