👉 The Had fluid, also known as the intergalactic medium (IGM) or cosmic web's gas component, is a diffuse, ionized plasma that permeates the vast spaces between galaxies within galaxy clusters and throughout intergalactic space. This fluid is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of heavier elements, and exists at extremely low densities compared to the dense gas found within galaxies. Despite its sparse nature, the Had fluid plays a crucial role in the cosmic ecosystem, influencing galaxy formation and evolution through processes like cooling, heating, and the transfer of energy and matter. Its interactions with galaxies and the cosmic web shape large-scale structures in the universe, making it a fundamental element in understanding the dynamics and evolution of cosmic structures.
